Below is a description of the many steps involved in the restoration of an antique American clock movement.
For the most part the same steps will apply to almost any type of clock. I chose this clock movement as an example because it is the most common movement that most repair shops will encounter. All repairmen will clean and bush the clock mechanism, but many of them will leave out some of the finer details necessary for a proper repair.
Leaving out these details allow them to charge less but leaves you with an inferior repair. Although this is by no means a complete step-by-step description, we have included the most critical points. To avoid making this too long we have not included pictures of every small detail. If we have overhauled a clock for you in the past, you might find it interesting to know how much effort went into your repair.
If you are considering having a clock movement overhauled this will give you a good understanding of what will be done if we perform the work for you. If you are having it done somewhere else, you might use this information to make sure that you are receiving your money's worth. Antique American Strike Movement. This is what the clock mechanism looked like when it was removed from the customer's clock case.
Since I have overhauled many of these clocks it is not necessary to draw a complete diagram of the movement but it is necessary to note the areas on paper which will require a bushing. The dots indicate the bearing surfaces. The arrows indicate those bearing surfaces which are worn badly. The direction the arrow points is an aid to help me maintain the bearing surfaces original center when installing the bushing. If this is not done the gearing will not align and mesh at a proper depth for most efficient operation and may even cause the clock to fail.
The curls at the bottom indicate the direction of coil for the mainsprings. I show this drawing because many repairmen will scratch these notes directly on to the clock permanently marring the surface. The small amount of extra effort this requires is worthwhile because it helps to preserve the plates.
Disassembly of Movement. After releasing the wound mainsprings using a let down key and mainspring clamps the clock is disassembled. Not including the nuts that hold the movement together there are 26 parts which make up the clock movement. Each of these parts will receive special attention before the job is complete. A quick examination of each part is made looking for bent teeth or arbors, badly worn pinions etc.
Ultrasonic Cleaning. The parts are then put into a wire mesh basket and submerged into the ultrasonic cleaning tank. This picture below shows the ultrasonic cleaning machine with the lid off. It is difficult to see here but the chemical degreaser is being agitated by ultrasonic sound waves.
This process is called cavitation. The sound waves create millions of tiny bubbles which implode on the surfaces of the pieces being cleaned. These implosions "scrub" the pieces as they sit in the degreaser. After the parts are cleaned, they are rinsed with a drying agent and then hand dried. At this point I like to buff the parts on this buffing machine using a fine wire buffing wheel. Before and After.
Although this step is not mechanically necessary, it gives the finished movement a much brighter, cleaner appearance. The picture below shows the right side of the clock's count wheel after buffing and the left side before buffing. Pivot Restoration - Drawing. Before I show you actual pivots I thought it might be helpful to show a drawing of what you will see in the next frame.
The pivot drawing in the middle illustrates what a pivot should look like. The sides are perfectly flat. The drawings above and below show deep ruts or grooves worn into the pivot surface. These pictures are extreme cases of badly worn pivots. Most of the pivots in a clock will not be this bad although almost all will still need some refinishing. Pivot Restoration - Actual. Not only do the bearing surfaces wear but the pivots that turn in them also wear.
Therefore it is necessary to refinish both the bearing surface and the pivot. The single picture below shows three pictures of the very same pivot in various stages of the refinishing process. The first picture shows the badly worn pivot.
As dirt mixes in with the oil the dirt acts as an abrasive, cutting into the pivot surface like a file. The middle picture shows the same pivot after being smoothed with a fine file. The ruts have been removed and the sides are now straight. Most clockmakers will further smooth the pivot with emery buffs and then stop there.
Although this further smooths the surface there is a tendency for small amounts of the emery buff's abrasive particles to embed themselves into the surface of the steel pivot.
If this occurs it will cause the new bearing surface to wear prematurely. The bottom picture shows a properly restored pivot. Note how shiny the apppearance is compared to the rather frosted look of the pivot above. This is accomplished without the use of emery buffs, abrasives or polishing compounds of any kind. It is done with the help of a tool called a burnisher which is a finely finished, perfectly smooth piece of high quality steel in the shape of a file.
The next step describes this process in more detail. Burnishing In The Lathe. This picture shows how the above work was performed. The gear is mounted in the lathe and spun at high speed. As the pivot rotates a very fine file called a pivot file is pressed up against it and moved back and forth until all of the scarring is removed. Next another "file" is used. This file has no real teeth.
A pendulum works by converting energy back and forth, a bit like a rollercoaster ride. When the bob is highest furthest from the ground , it has maximum stored energy potential energy.
So as the bob swings oscillates back and forth, it repeatedly switches its energy back and forth between potential and kinetic. In horology, a wheel train or just train is the gear train of a mechanical watch or clock. The large gears in timepieces are generally called wheels, the smaller gears they mesh with large to small, large to small are called pinions, and the shafts that the wheels and pinions are mounted on are called arbors.
Clocks are compound machines because of the many gears that they possess, which depending on how you view it, can be one type of simple machine or another. There are many types of gears , and each clock slightly differs in what gears are used to move it. How do the gears of a clock work? Category: style and fashion womens jewelry and watches. In a clock , the pendulum's job is to regulate the speed of the gears interlocking wheels with teeth cut into their edges.
The gears count the number of seconds that pass and convert them into minutes and hours, displayed on the hands that sweep round the clockface. How many parts are in a clock? How do you calculate gears? Why do clocks use cycloidal gears? The clock mechanism drives with UP gearing all the way to the escape wheel. What is torque ratio? A gear train can be analyzed using the principle of virtual work to show that its torque ratio , which is the ratio of its output torque to its input torque , is equal to the gear ratio , or speed ratio , of the gear train.
How can I lower my gear ratio? Why do clocks have hands? A clock has two hands to indicate minutes and hours. The long hand indicates the minutes and rotates once every 60 minutes. The short hand indicates hours and rotates once every 12 hours. Some clocks have a third hand that indicates seconds, and rotates once every minute.
When the bob is highest furthest from the ground , it has maximum stored energy potential energy. So as the bob swings oscillates back and forth, it repeatedly switches its energy back and forth between potential and kinetic. In horology, a wheel train or just train is the gear train of a mechanical watch or clock. The large gears in timepieces are generally called wheels, the smaller gears they mesh with large to small, large to small are called pinions, and the shafts that the wheels and pinions are mounted on are called arbors.
Clocks are compound machines because of the many gears that they possess, which depending on how you view it, can be one type of simple machine or another. There are many types of gears , and each clock slightly differs in what gears are used to move it. The clock mechanism drives with UP gearing all the way to the escape wheel. A gear train can be analyzed using the principle of virtual work to show that its torque ratio , which is the ratio of its output torque to its input torque , is equal to the gear ratio , or speed ratio , of the gear train.
A clock has two hands to indicate minutes and hours. The long hand indicates the minutes and rotates once every 60 minutes. The short hand indicates hours and rotates once every 12 hours. Some clocks have a third hand that indicates seconds, and rotates once every minute. The calculation uses the number of teeth in the ring gear and divides it by the number of teeth in the pinion gear , to provide you with a result to 1 ratio.
A " watch " is what you wear on your wrist or carry in your pocket. A " clock " is the larger version that is kept somewhere in your house or in public places. Also, a watch is a type of clock , but a clock is not a type of watch.
Inside a Wind-up Alarm Clock. By removing the stand, alarm bells, hands, face and mounting ring, you end up with the clock mechanism itself. This clock like most table clocks and wrist watches uses an oscillating wheel in place of a pendulum. There are four gears between the main spring and the escapement wheel. Does " more jewels " mean a better watch?
Nope - more jewels is not a sign of quality, although some marketing materials by some watch brands may make you think otherwise. But keep in mind, jewels are in the watch movement itself, so unless you have a see-through case back, you probably won't even see them.
Also, cog in the machine.
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