What was unusual about european settlers in australia

At first contact, there were over , aborigines in Australia. The massacres ended in the leaving no more than 60, The six colonies federated in and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed as a Dominion of the British Empire.

Until , Britain and Australia shared a common nationality code. The final constitutional ties between the United Kingdom and Australia ended in with the passing of the Australia Act Australia is not directly under British rule, but it is nominally under British rule. The free settlers impacted Australia greatly. They impacted the indigenous Australians greatly by killing them off and taking their land.

While Indigenous Australians have inhabited the continent for tens of thousands of years, and traded with nearby islanders, the first documented landing on Australia by a European was in The Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon landed on the western side of Cape York Peninsula and charted about km of coastline. What was unusual about the first European settlers in Australia? They were convicted criminals sent to a penal colony.

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Page Content. After the American War of Independence, Britain, in a time of social upheaval at the beginnings of massive agricultural, industrial and social change, was faced with overcrowded prisons and prison ships and no suitable destination to transport their convicts Lieutenant James Cook's discovery and annexation for Britain of the east coast of Australia in , now aroused new interest. In particular, Sir Jospeh Banks, the influential Botanist who had accompanied Cook on the voyage, strongly supported "Botany Bay" as a site for a new British settlement and convict colony.

For this and for related strategic and commercial reasons, the British government decided, to embark on the new settlement project. The first settlement, at Sydney, consisted of about convicts and their Marine guards and officers, led by Governor Arthur Phillip. They arrived at Botany Bay in the "First Fleet" of 9 transport ships accompanied by 2 small warships, in January, Finding the area unsuitable for settlement, they actually settled at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson or Sydney Harbour as it is better known on January 26, the date now celebrated nationally as "Australia Day".

In such a society, the emerging European and American concepts of democracy and liberalism at first had no place. The early years were increasingly desperate ones as the colony struggled to establish and feed itself.

By , the first signs of stability were appearing but Governor Phillip, weakened by illness and the deprivations of those years, returned to England, leaving the colony in the hands of military Lieutenant-Governors.