Where is iron regulated

Currently, it is known to involve the loss of alveolar surface area emphysema and airway inflammation bronchitis , primarily due to exposure to cigarette smoke CS. CS causes epithelial cell death, resulting in pulmonary emphysema. Moreover, CS induces iron accumulation in the mitochondria and cytosol, resulting in programmed cell death. Find articles by Nimesh Bhaskaran.

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The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Science. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract Eukaryotic cells require iron for survival and have developed regulatory mechanisms for maintaining appropriate intracellular iron concentrations.

Open in a separate window. Footnotes Supporting Online Material www. S1 to S8 Table S1 References. References and Notes 1. Rouault TA. EMBO J. Ishikawa H, et al. Yamanaka K, et al. Cell Biol. Wang J, et al. Cardozo T, Pagano M. Identification of TWSG1 as a second novel erythroid regulator of hepcidin expression in murine and human cells. Pinto J. Volke M. Evidence for a lack of a direct transcriptional suppression of the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin by hypoxia-inducible factors.

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Chronic expression of H-ferritin in dopaminergic midbrain neurons results in an age-related expansion of the labile iron pool and subsequent neurodegeneration: implications for Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. The role of iron regulatory proteins in mammalian iron homeostasis and disease. Recalcati S. Iron regulatory proteins: from molecular mechanisms to drug development. Wallander M. Molecular control of vertebrate iron homeostasis by iron regulatory proteins.

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Tong W. Shi Y.